The Relationship Between Inflation And Unemployment

The relationship between inflation and unemployment is a topic, which has been debated by economists for decades. It is this debate that has made the opinions about it evolve. In this essay, the controversial topic will be discussed by viewing different economists’ opinions on that according to time sequencing. Inflation is an increase in price levels within an economy. Basically it means that you will have to pay more for the same goods. Unemployment is even more straightforward. It means that a person is available for employment but is unable to find employment. Lastly, the unemployment rate, which is the percentage of potential workers that are unemployed, is used to measure unemployment (Mankiw 1992). The debate about the relationship between inflation and unemployment is mainly based on the famous â€Å"Phillips Curve†. This curve was first discovered by a New Zealand born economist called Allan William Phillips. In 1958, A. W. Phillips published an article â€Å"The relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957†, in which he showed a negative correlation between inflation and unemployment (Phillips 1958). When the unemployment rate is low, the inflation rate tends to be high, and when unemployment is high, the inflation rate tends to be low, even to be negative. Two years later, economists Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow, who adhere to the Keynesian school of economics, also published an article, showing the sameShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Unemployment And Inflation2301 Words   |  10 PagesThe relationship between unemployment and inflation has been the subject of heated debate, stimulate academic divide between macroeconomics because the relationship is difficult to explain. Rational expectations have been proposed by the new classical school of thought, there is not even a short-term trade-off between inflation and unemployment expected. Only a compromise when inflation is unanticipated. We think there is a compromise between the two, even in the short term, regardless of the factRead MoreRelationship Between Unemployment And Inflation1947 Words   |  8 PagesThe main aim of this chapter is to examine the relationship between two economic fundamentals inflation and unemployment using ordinary least square technique. The model regress the inflation rate against unemployment rate, and money supply over the period 1991-2014. Model specification Model specification The study will use the time series data. This study investigates the relationship between unemployment and inflation in Namibia depending on the formulation provided by Blanchard (2005). TheRead MoreRelationship Between Unemployment And Inflation3391 Words   |  14 Pages[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME] Economics Assignment [Type the document subtitle] 1/18/2015 â€Æ' Table of Contents: Table of Contents: 2 Section 1: Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation 3 Unemployment: 3 Inflation: 3 Phillips curve: 4 SRPC- Short Run Phillips curve: 4 Real Life example of Unemployment in Australia 5 Section 2: Simple model of AD and AS 6 Aggregate demand and Aggregate supply: 6 What is AD or aggregate demand? 6 Consumption Expenditure: 6 Investment Demand: 7 Government Expenditure:Read MoreThe Relationship Between Inflation And Unemployment On Growth1553 Words   |  7 Pages The relationship between inflation and unemployment on growth remains a controversial one in both theory and empirical findings. Originating from the Latin American context in the 1950s, the issue has generated an enduring debate between structuralists and monetarists. The structuralists believe that inflation is essential for economic growth, whereas the monetarists see inflation as detrimental to economic progress. There are two aspects to this debate: (a) The nature of the relationship if oneRead MoreRelationship between Inflation Rate and Unemployment in Malaysia1110 Words   |  4 Pageschapters, the study was discussed about the relationship between two economic variables which comprise of inflation rate and unemployment rate in Malaysia. Conclusion and discussion on the study, policy implication, limitation of the study and suggestion for future will be discussed in this chapter generally. 5.1 Conclusion This chapter is the conclusion and recommendation about the whole research regarding relationship between inflation and unemployment rate. It also concludes the whole result ofRead MoreThe Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation: Implications for Theory and Policy1279 Words   |  5 PagesThe (Possible) Relationship Between Unemployment and Inflation: Implications for Theory and Policy Introduction As with any scientific or empirical body of knowledge, the theories and facts of economics are undergoing constant testing and reevaluation, at times including major shifts in theory that reject old models and develop new understandings of economic interactions. It is arguably the case that in economics and the other human sciences such as sociology and political science that suchRead MorePhillips Curve : A Relationship Between The Inflation Rate And The Unemployment Rate Essay3200 Words   |  13 Pageshistory and overview The Phillips curve represents a relationship between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. The Phillips curve is named after its first exponent A.H.W. Phillips who was a classical economist who first came up with this relationship. He posited that the lower the employment rate firms are forced to source for funds so as to increase wages and be able to attract labour. This in turns leads to a rise in money wage inflation. The first challenge to this theory was by MiltonRead MoreThe Existence Of Trade Off Relationship Between Inflation Rate And Unemployment1839 Words   |  8 Pagesinvestigate the existence of trade-off relationship between inflation rate and unemployment rate in Namibian economy between 1991 and 2014 the perspective of Phillips curve by using the Ordinal Least Square (OLS) method. The results of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test shows that all variables are stationary at level and the integration test shows that they integrated at level I(0). The analysis result shows the negative relationship between inflation rate and unemployment rate in short-run as it was expectedRead MorePhillips Curve Methodology Is Used On An Information Set Of 35 Years Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pageshelps in analyzing the relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment. There is a non-relative negative relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment (if unemployment is decreased than there is a rising value level in the economy). There is a long-run and easygoing relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment over the above-mentioned period in Pakistan. There is a momentary relationship (stuns) in the short-run, while there is a lasting relationship (stuns) over the longRead MorePhillips Curve Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics: The Phillips curve shows the relationship between unemployment and inflation in an economy. Unemployment involves people who are registered as able, available and willing to work at the going wage rate but who cannot find work despite actively searching for work. Unemployment can be counted by using the claimant count which includes all those who are unemployed and actually claiming benefit in the form of Jobseekers Allowance. Inflation is a sustained increase in general price level

Sample Position Paper Free Essays

The island is called Kankakee in Japan and Oddity in China. The territorial dispute was botched in 2012 by Tokyo, led at the time by the now- discredited Democratic Party of Japan. Reacting to China’s increasingly intrusive presence in the waters around the Japanese-administered islands, and fearing that maverick former Tokyo Governor Shinto Ashier would carry through his threat to purchase the islands, then-Prime Minister Whooshing Nodal nationalized several of the islands after buying them from heir private owners in September 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Position Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now China responded instantly with anti- Japanese riots and a freezing of diplomatic relations. Chinese patrol vessels and fishing boats began tense face-offs with Japan’s Coast Guard. Within months, both nations’ air forces began more active aerial patrols. One year and two months ago, China upped the ante by flying surveillance drones in such contested airspace. Japan responded by saying it would shoot down any drone that refused to leave the skies above the islands. Beijing says that any attack on its drones would be an act of war. In another sign of high tensions in North East Asia, Japan announced that it scrambled fighter jets on the 7th January 2014 to head off a Chinese civilian aircraft near disputed islands. The Y-12 propeller plane entered Japan’s air defense identification zone CADIS), but not the airspace around the Kankakee islets, before heading back to China. The incident is the first reported since China announced its own ADZ last November in the East China Sea, including the disputed islands, provoking an aggressive response from both the United States and Japan. The Obama administration immediately declared that US military aircraft would ignore the new Chinese protocols and flew nuclear-capable 8-52 bombers through the zone without informing Chinese authorities. US allies Japan and South Korea followed suit, raising the danger that an error or miscalculation could lead to a clash with the potential for escalation into an open conflict. The warfare is still continued and Japan did boost their defense budget. Controlling the use of drones for warfare is only in the hands of the nation’s leaders. China’s ambassador has accused Japan’s Prime Minister, Shinto Abe, f â€Å"raising the specter of militarism† and putting his country on a â€Å"perilous path† that could threaten global peace. Lie Gaming said Abe, who has challenged the widely held view that Japan was an aggressor in the second world war, had contributed to a dramatic rise in tensions in north-east Asia with his hawkish policies and a recent visit to a controversial war shrine. The international community, Lie warned, should remain on a â€Å"high alert†. Relations between China and Japan – which enjoy expansive trade ties – have reached their lowest point in decades over competing claims to the Kankakee islands in the East China Sea, which are administered by Japan but also claimed by China. How to cite Sample Position Paper, Papers

Physical Therapy Abdominal Surger

Question: Case Scenario Mary, a 29 year old healthy, active female, has just returned from a trip abroad. One week before returning to this country she began noticing some right shoulder and upper thoracic pain. Initially she thought it might be a mild strain since she had been carrying heavy bags throughout the different train stations and airports. Since returning home, the pain increased. She saw her physician for the problem the week after her return. An x-ray of the shoulder was normal. She was given Motrin anti-inflammatory medication and referred to physical therapy. During the physical therapy evaluation, she reported that she was in good health except for the pain in the right shoulder region. However, she did notice her urine had been noticeable darker since she had initially seen the doctor but reported no pain with urination or back pain. The objective assessment by the physical therapist was as follows: In standing the patient presented with a mild mid-thoracic spinal kyphosis. Thoracic symptoms were not provoked with active trunk movements. Passive accessory movements using central and unilateral pressures over the thoracic spine were unremarkable for pain except for some hypomobility between T5-T8. On palpation of the mid rhomboids and right upper trapeziums, tenderness was noted. Shoulder arm range of motion was restricted in the last 25% of motion in flexion and external rotation. Special test for impingement was unremarkable. Shoulder strength was normal and distal sensation intact. Based upon the findings, the physical therapist began treatment of the right shoulder. The patient proceeded with manual therapy and exercise for several visits gaining in right shoulder range of motion and noting a decrease in her shoulder pain. The beginning of the second week of therapy the patient called in sick and indicated she was not going to make her appointment. She returned on her next scheduled appointment. She reported to the therapist that during the weekend she had right upper abdominal pain and that her urine appeared to be darker and noted a change in bowel habits. In addition she began to note a slight yellowish to the skin as well as a fever from time to time. The physical therapist cancelled the treatment and notified the patient's physician of the change in status. 1. What do you think is going on with this patient? 2. What history, symptoms, and patient information clued the therapist to refer the patient back to the physician? 3. Why was therapy canceled? Explain your answer. 4. Active and passive mobility test of the thoracic spine failed to provoke any significant symptoms. During the initial assessment, what type of follow-up questions should the therapist have asked to further investigate the pain? Additional Questions:Respond to these questions using information from your textbook and your clinical practice. DoNOTrefer to the scenario above. Each question is worth 2 points. 1. Where does visceral pain occur in the abdominal region? Why is visceral pain considered hard to localize with the abdomen? 2. Define dysphagia. Other than occurring in gastrointestinal disorders, name at least two other conditions where the symptoms of dysphagia can occur. 3. Low back pain may be the only symptom associated with what type of cancer affecting the digestive system? 4. Explain the different ways of bleeding in the GI tract can be manifested and the possible causes. 5. What is the significance of Kehr's sign? 6. What areas of the body can gastrointestinal (GI) disorders refer pain to? Answer: (1) Mary, a healthy lady, just returned from the trip.The problem with the patient started as pain in right shoulder and upper thoracic region before her return to the country. As her x-ray report was normal physician suggests her to go for physical therapy and gave her anti-inflammatory drug and her pain was relieved to some extent. The patient is facing the problem of dark urination from the day beginning of her appointment with the physician, but she is not having any pain. Dark urination without any burning sensation, in this case, helps to rule out the chance of urinary tract infection. According to van Slambrouck et al., (2013), dark coloration of urine can happen due to dysfunction of liver.Bile is produced at liver and gets accumulated in the gall bladder. Excess bile excretes out through the kidney and makes the color urine darker. In this case as fever is not associated with chill the case of biliary obstruction can be ruled out (Yang 2015). T5-T8 region is the position where the liver is located. The patient is having the dark urine from the very first day and it is still continuing and additionally, her skin color is changing. Yellow discoloration of skin with fever is a symptom of liver ailment like jaundice. It takes few days to week to develop symptom of jaundice (Barr, 2013).Upper abdominal pain accompanying the other symptoms is also an indicator of jaundice. As stated by Yabluchansky et al., (2015), change in bowel habits and yellowing of skin with fever is warning symptoms of hepatitis C. Looking at the above conditions, it can be suggested that the patient is suffering from the liver related problem. (2) The patient has a history of a recent foreign trip. She also developed symptoms of upper abdominal pain and intermittent fever. A change of skin color to yellow is also reported by the therapist. The patient also informed that there is change in the color of urine and change in bowel habit. This entire series of incidents clued the therapist to refer the patient to the physician. (3) The therapy was canceled by the therapist as the condition of the patient deteriorated when she developed some other symptoms which may have risen due to some other reason. Patient has returned from a foreign trip with a history of pain in her upper thoracic and right shoulder region. Later she went through physiotherapy with anti-inflammatory medication as her X-ray report was normal. When the patient was referred to the physiotherapist she had mild thoracic kyphosis and hypo-mobility was observed between T5-T8 regions. Tenderness on palpitation of mid thromboids and upper trapeziums with normal shoulder strength was also observed before she was referred to a physiotherapist. During her second week of appointment to the physiotherapy the patient developed the symptoms of upper abdominal pain and irregular bowel movement. She also reported that dark urination problem was consistent for more than two weeks, and she is also having fever at regular interval. (4) A physiotherapist must evaluate and examine all the probable causes of the patients symptoms. A visit to the therapist for a number of times the patient was able to gain right shoulder range of motion and a decrease in shoulder pain. In this case, it was thought that the patients symptoms were due to pain in shoulder. Therapist should have asked the questions When is the pain beginning? How long is the pain sustaining? Is there any activity which is increasing the pain? Whether the pain is radiating or localized? Is there any previous injury? (1) Abdominal cavity being the largest body cavity contains the following organs liver, adrenal glands, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine kidneys, and large intestine. Abdominal visceral pain arises from visceral peritoneum. Visceral pain is hazy, crampy, tedious which is hard to describe. Visceral pain abdomen is hard to locate also (Brglum Jensen, 2012). As visceral organs are connected with spinal cords and send afferent stimuli to spinal cord. A number of nerve endings in the visceral organs of abdomen are comparatively less than other organs like skin. This is also due to widespread deviation of visceral input within the CNS (2) Dysphagia: Dysphagia is a medical term used to indicate difficulty in swallowing. This also refers to condition in which a sensation of stacking some thing in the tract from mouth to stomach. According to Tsuzuki et al., (2012) dysphagia can happen due to conditions other than gastrointestinal disorders. Lung cancer and lymphoma in can create similar type of symptoms as dysphagia. Infectious disease such as tuberculosis may also develop dysphagia like symptoms. Cardiovascular diseases like dilated auricles can also cause esophageal dysphagia. (3) Pancreatic cancer is associated with only symptoms of lower back pain. (4) Bleeding may occur in GI in different ways. Vomiting red blood or heatemesis is bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract. Black blood vomiting is an indication of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The color of vomitus becomes dark due to exposure to gastric acid of heme molecule of red blood cells. Peptic ulcer is considered to be the cause of black blood vomiting. Blood in stool is the excretion of fresh blood in or with stool. This kind of bleeding pattern is associated with lower GI tract due to due to hemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Black stool or melena is associated with peptic ulcer or bleeding from upper GI tract. (5) Kehrs sign is a kind of referred pain. This indicates a violent pain in the shoulder (Intravia DeBerardino, 2013). This happens due the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity. When the pain is in the left shoulder, then it is an indication of ruptured spleen. Often this discovery is endorsed with German surgeon Hans Kher. (6) Pain can be felt at different region of body, but it can have its origin in gastro intestinal tract. Pain in upper right abdomen and right shoulder area may be due to dysfunctional gallbladder. Mild to moderate pain in right shoulder may be due to hepatitis. Manifestation of esophageal pain is heart burn or chest pain. Acute pancreatitis or pancreatic pain injury refers to the left shoulder. Gastric ulcer pain passes on to substernal region while perforated ulcer pain refers to one or both the shoulders. (Huang Azagury, 2016). References: Barr, D. A. (2013). Jaundice and liver injury: 5 case reports.Reactions,1453, 25. Brglum, J., Jensen, K. (2012).Abdominal surgery: advances in the use of ultrasound-guided truncal blocks for perioperative pain management. INTECH Open Access Publisher. Huang, L. C., Azagury, D. E. (2016). His Upper GI Tract. InMen's Health(pp. 51-67). Springer New York. Intravia, J. M., DeBerardino, T. M. (2013). Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma.Clinics in sports medicine,32(2), 211-218. Tsuzuki, A., Kagaya, H., Takahashi, H., Watanabe, T., Shioya, T., Sakakibara, H., ... Saitoh, E. (2012). Dysphagia causes exacerbations in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,60(8), 1580-1582. van Slambrouck, C. M., Salem, F., Meehan, S. M., Chang, A. (2013). Bile cast nephropathy is a common pathologic finding for kidney injury associated with severe liver dysfunction.Kidney international,84(1), 192-197. Yabluchansky, M., Bogun, L., Martymianova, L., Bychkova, O., Lysenko, N., Makienko, N. (2015). Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas. Yang, D. (2015). Abnormal Liver Function.Handbook of Medicine in Psychiatry.

Organisational Culture Essay Example

Organisational Culture Essay The Intel Corporation produces microprocessors that are used in computers. It has a market share of over 75% and has been praised for its highly innovative culture. Do you think that an innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business? Justify your answer with reference to Intel and/or other organisations you know. (40 marks) An organisation’s culture refers to ‘the way we do things around here’ and is determined by the values, attitudes and beliefs of the people who work within it. As such, culture will undoubtedly influence the success of a business. In particular, it can be argued that an innovative culture can lead to business success because it enables companies to share ideas more freely and thus innovate and develop their business strategy. Furthermore, in light of Handy’s view of â€Å"discontinuous change† being ever more present in the business world, an innovative culture is likely to enable business to be flexible enough to cope with challenges that the future holds. However, it is important to bear in mind that when a business possesses over 75% market share that it benefits from economies of scale which can be an important determinant of success, regardless of culture. Perhaps more importantly, not every success international business possesses an innovative culture. A successful business strategy can be underpinned by other business cultures and thus the type of industry a business is in, and the different challenges it faces may determine what is the most suitable culture for them. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Innovative cultures are essential in companies who are involved in technological markets, where developing new products and ideas can be key to success. The Intel corporation operate a very innovative culture which has lead to huge dominance of the market, capturing 75% market share after the production of microprocessors used in computers. Another example where innovation has lead to success is at Google, where CEO Eric Schmidt commits to innovation, making sure all employees are comfortable sharing ideas and opinions. The relaxed feel around the company allows employees to be creative, which has allowed Google to be one step ahead of competitors, which is especially important working in a technological industry. BMW use a similar culture where everyone is expected to help find solutions. They have a network of committed associates with few hierarchical barriers, allowing every employee to voice their opinion. This culture has allowed BMW to promote new products and get the product just right through thousands of brainstorming sessions. These examples show how innovation can lead to success in technological industries. Innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business, as the external environment is constantly changing. This can be linked to Charles Handy’s theory of ‘discontinuous change’ which means that in the future change is constant, and therefore an innovative culture would most likely guarantee a business success. Being highly innovative would mean that managers would have to be flexible and react to the constantly changing external environment, therefore adopting an innovative culture would mean businesses would have to come up with ideas and strategies for the future in order for the business to remain competitive and successful. Innovative culture should equip firms with the ability to cope better with change. For example Intel’s strategy of diversification where they use tactics such as job swapping and controlled employee role changes to increase the efficiency of their teams. This is useful as the workforce is flexible to the externally changing environment, and can guarantee future success of a business as they would be able to react to any change within the business. Hence I think that an innovative culture can determine the future success of the business, especially in a technological industry as the external environment is constantly changing meaning a firm has to be flexible and prepared to react and respond if it wishes to remain competitive and profitable. If a business did not react to changes and maintained there current strategies and plans then this could have negative effects on the business such as a declining market share due to competitors coming up with new innovative ideas and hence a lower profit. One way in which we can see that an innovative culture cannot be relied on to guarantee the success of a firm is that there are other organisations that have a different cultural approach that have been very successful. I believe that the culture within Tesco has significantly helped it to become one of the most successful retailers in Britain. Tesco use a person and role culture which I believe have helped to contribute to the success of the firm, there are ‘six levels between the till operator and the CEO’ in Tesco and I would think that this would have helped lead to the success of the firm as employees would feel like an important asset of the firm and are therefore motivated to work harder for the benefit of the business. Also it is evident in Cadburys, the biggest confectionary retailer in England who take a role and task approach to their culture that an innovative culture is not needed to guarantee the success of a firm. I believe that the putting an emphasis on results and giving staff specific roles within the business has led to the success of Cadburys as there is a specific focus on achieving targets and working as a team which I believe can highly motivate employees. So it is evident in a range of businesses that an innovative culture is not the key to success in business, various different cultural approaches such as task and role can have a significant contribution towards the success of an organisation. However, it can be argued that the size of Intel’s organisation provides it with its main competitive edge. Intel has a market share of 75% bringing with it certain benefits that are arguably more influential to its success than its innovative culture. A firm of this size is likely to benefit from economies of scale, propagating lower unit costs that can lead to higher profit margins. Higher profit margins enable greater re-investment into the firm, allowing Intel to continuously expand. Therefore, it seems apparent that even without its innovative culture, the sheer size of the firm would enable it to compete successfully. However, one cannot say that a large firm is guaranteed future success as demonstrated by the IBM monopoly that quickly lost majority market share to Microsoft and today only operate within a business-to-business niche market. Although business â€Å"success† is essentially easy to measure through examining market share, revenue, profit and other such measures, the factors that lead to such success are less easy to see. Factors such as a strong business strategy, good leadership, a favourable competitive environment and culture all contribute to a business’s success but being able to separate out which factor contributes more to success is near impossible. Furthermore, being ble to measure how effective an innovative culture versus a role or person culture is very difficult. Ultimately, the ‘best’ culture will vary according to industry and the nature of the business structure itself. Some industries such as the technology industry has developed its products at an exponential rate, inconceivable just 20 years ago. The nature of such a fast moving industry relies on quick and consistent innovation which is no doubt dependent on an innovative, networked culture like the type we see at Google and BMW. Other industries such as retailing and supermarkets, however do not face such radical and constant need to develop their product offering, and factors such as good quality service and product quality may be more important. As a result, a role and person based culture are more likely to lead to success. However, in light of Handy’s â€Å"discontinuous change†theory, all businesses, regardless of industry will face an ever changing external environment and so although an innovate culture may not be the most suitable per se, having an element of innovation and flexibility is key to any business intending to succeed in the future.

Music1 essays

Music1 essays Does the music that is produced today have a direct affect on what teenagers in America will do? This is a question that many people over the last couple of years have asked constantly. With the recent Columbine incident, as well as the increase in school shootings, many people feel there is something to blame for the violence. In situations like these, art forms are usually the easiest to blame. There is no way to blame one person for the crimes at hand, and no one would like to believe that they just poorly raised their own children. Suddenly someone steps in and sees the teen listened to some sort of music, which is not acceptable by parents standards, and you have a culprit. The problem with this is that, not everyone who has ever listened to any sort of music has developed a desire to go shoot everyone in his or her school. No study has proven that music makes a person do anything but maybe listen to the song again. Therefore music has no direct affect on what people decide to do with their lives. Recently, shock-rock has become a very popular genre of music. A group named Marilyn Manson has been heavily in the media since 1995. This particular group bases its career on its shock value. When the Columbine shootings occurred, many people put the blame on Brain Warner, the lead singer of Marilyn Manson, because of his eccentric appearance and lyrics. Many American parents felt that his differences from a more mainstream act like Brittany Spears, made his lyrics all that more offensive. Since the two boys involved with the Columbine shootings listened to Marilyn Manson, he was ultimately blamed for their murderous rampage. The media however hardly touched on the fact that both the boys were often tormented at school for being different. Secondly, that they both had a deep hatred for the jocks that made fun of them everyda ...

Free Online TOEFL Study Guides

Free Online TOEFL Study Guides Taking the TOEFL is a necessary step for any student not educated in the United States who wishes to study at a North American university. It is also increasingly required from other educational institutions throughout the world as well as a desired or mandatory job qualification. While it is true that the TOEFL is an extremely difficult test there are a number of resources to help students prepare for the test. Luckily the Internet has an ever-expanding treasure trove of study materials. Most of these areas require registration and payment however a number of the sites do offer some free services. If you are interested in taking the TOEFL it will probably be necessary to purchase some of these services. This guide shows you a number of the free services available on the Internet. By using this feature you can get an excellent head-start on your studies without paying a dime. What Is the TOEFL? Before beginning to study for the TOEFL it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. Here is an excellent detailed description of the Internet-based test. What Can I Expect From TOEFL? There are a number of resources available to help you discover exactly what grammar listening and reading skills will be expected on the TOEFL. One of the most thorough of these resources is Testwise.Com  which explains each type of question in terms of the grammar or skill required to answer that type of question successfully. Now that you have a good idea of what the test is, what is to be expected, AND what strategies are needed you can begin to practice taking various sections of the test. To help you do just that (for FREE) follow the following links to these  practice tests  and exercises: TOEFL Grammar / StructurePractice TOEFL tests grammar through whats known as the structure sentence. This section includes multiple choice questions which test your understanding of how to put together a sentence.   TOEFL Grammar Practice 1 TOEFL Grammar Practice 2 Exam English Structure Tests Structure Practice Tests  from TestMagic Five Sets of Practice Questions for Section II  at Free ESL.com by Chris Yukna  Practice Section II TOEFL Vocabulary Practice The vocabulary section focuses on understanding synonyms and antonyms, as well as the ability to use a word in the right context.   TOEFL Vocabulary Practice 400 Must Have Words for TOEFL   TOEFL Reading Practice The reading section asks you to read fairly long sections of text that might be found in a textbook or scholarly article. Comprehension of the relationships between ideas and sequencing events is key in this section.   Reading practice tests  from TestMagic by  Chris Yukna  Practice Section II: Boston   Practice: Fuels TOEFL  based on an article in Wired Magazine by Chris Yukna. TOEFL Listening Practice TOEFL listening selections are often based on lectures in a university setting. As in reading, its important to practice listening long selections (3 - 5) minutes of university lectures or similar listening setting.   Exam English Listening Practice Tests How Do I Approach the TOEFL? One of the most important skills to acquire before taking the test is not a language skill. It is TOEFL test taking strategy. To get up to speed on test taking, this  guide to taking tests  can help you understand  general test taking preparation. The TOEFL, like all standardized American tests, has a very particular structure and typical traps for you to fall into. By understanding these traps and structures you can go a long way to improving your score. The writing section of the TOEFL requires that you write an essay based on a set topic. Testmagic.com has a wonderful  selection of sample essays  discussing common mistakes and giving examples of essays with various scores to show you the range expected on the essay. Practicing the TOEFL Obviously, you will need to do a lot more studying (and probably invest a good bit of money) to do well on the TOEFL. But hopefully, this guide to free TOEFL resources will help you begin to understand what to expect when taking the TOEFL.

Why did castles play such a key role both in the implementation of Essay

Why did castles play such a key role both in the implementation of rebellion by nobles and in its suppression by rulers between 1066 and 1224 - Essay Example They illustrate a key part of British history, particularly those that date from the early part of the Norman era and William the Conqueror’s rule as they are part of an era of political dissent and distrust of the crown. The rebellion of nobles against the crown, as exemplified by the Revolt of the Earls in 1075 and other acts of dissent, played a crucial role in the need for these castles, particularly as many were used to supress such uprisings. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that castles played in the rebellions and their suppression, and the reason why they played such a crucial role in these events of history. It will also highlight the political importance of castles and their role in times of crisis, particularly with respect to who held control of these dominant buildings. In doing this, it will become clear why the Norman era is so inextricably linked with the huge surge in the number of castles that dominate the British landscape and why so many of these elements of history can be found still standing today. The first true British castles began to be built upon the Norman invasion of 1066 by William the Conqueror1.... As previously mentioned, the Norman invasion of England was not taken lightly by the aristocracy that already resided in the area, and William the Conqueror’s rule was marred by uprisings and rebellion by nobles, a hint at the struggles for political power to come in the next two centuries. One of the most significant struggles for power is known as the Revolt of the Earls, and occurred in 1075. Ralph de Gael, the Earl of Norfolk, and Roger de Breteuil, the Earl of Hereford, began to conspire to overthrow William as the King of England due to a number of conflicts, one involving the sanctioning of a marriage agreement4. Norwich Castle, one of the most important examples of Norman castle building efforts, was the site of Ralph’s efforts to remain protected during the rebellion, and for many months was successful in evading Norman involvement. However, Ralph returned to his native Brittany, leaving the castle in control of his wife, whereupon it became besieged and used f or protection of the Norman troops5. This early event in castle history shows how useful castles were to both uprising nobles and the reigning Norman leaders of the era, as the structures change political ownership as a reflection of power in the region6. Many English castles during the reign of William the Conqueror and subsequent kings were under the control of the reigning leader (royal castles) whilst the remainder were controlled by the aristocracy. This kind of conflicting control was not to stay static during the era, but a series of relocations of ownership through friendly and unfriendly requests was to occur.7 The castles themselves were additionally important because they were not simply standalone property, but